Caustic soda(NaOH) yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman kayan abinci na sinadarai, tare da jimillar samar da shi a kowace shekara na 106t. Ana amfani da NaOH a fannin sinadarai na halitta, wajen samar da aluminum, a masana'antar takarda, a masana'antar sarrafa abinci, a fannin ƙera sabulun wanki, da sauransu. Caustic soda wani samfuri ne na haɗin gwiwa wajen samar da chlorine, wanda kashi 97% na wannan yana faruwa ne ta hanyar electrolysis na sodium chloride.
Soda mai kauri yana da tasiri mai tsanani ga yawancin kayan ƙarfe, musamman a yanayin zafi mai yawa da yawansu. Duk da haka, an daɗe da sanin cewa nickel yana nuna kyakkyawan juriya ga tsatsa ga soda mai kauri a duk yawansu da yanayin zafi, kamar yadda Hoto na 1 ya nuna. Bugu da ƙari, sai dai a yanayin zafi mai yawa, nickel ba shi da kariya daga tsatsa da tsatsa da ke haifar da caustic. Saboda haka, ana amfani da ƙarfe mai kauri na nickel 200 (EN 2.4066/UNS N02200) da ƙarfe mai kauri 201 (EN 2.4068/UNS N02201) a waɗannan matakan samar da soda mai kauri, waɗanda ke buƙatar mafi girman juriya ga tsatsa. Cathodes a cikin ƙwayar lantarki da ake amfani da ita a cikin aikin membrane suma an yi su ne da zanen nickel. Nau'ikan da ke ƙasa don tattara giya suma an yi su ne da nickel. Suna aiki bisa ga ƙa'idar ƙafewar matakai da yawa galibi tare da masu fitar da fim masu faɗuwa. A cikin waɗannan na'urori, ana amfani da nickel a cikin nau'in bututu ko zanen bututu don musayar zafi kafin ƙafewa, a matsayin zanen gado ko faranti masu rufi don na'urorin kafin ƙafewa, da kuma a cikin bututu don jigilar maganin soda mai kafewa. Dangane da yawan kwararar ruwa, lu'ulu'u na soda mai kafewa (maganin da ya cika) na iya haifar da zaizayar ƙasa a kan bututun musayar zafi, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama dole a maye gurbinsu bayan tsawon shekaru 2-5 na aiki. Ana amfani da tsarin ƙafewa mai kafewa mai kafewa don samar da soda mai kafewa mai ƙarfi, mai hana ruwa shiga. A cikin tsarin faɗuwa mai kafewa wanda Bertrams ya ƙirƙira, ana amfani da gishirin da aka narke a zafin jiki na kimanin digiri 400 a matsayin hanyar dumama. A nan ya kamata a yi amfani da bututun da aka yi da ƙaramin ƙarfe mai nickel 201 (EN 2.4068/UNS N02201) domin a yanayin zafi sama da kusan 315 °C (600 °F) yawan sinadarin carbon da ke cikin ƙarfe mai daraja na nickel 200 (EN 2.4066/UNS N02200) na iya haifar da ruwan sama mai launin graphite a iyakokin hatsi.
Nickel shine kayan gini da aka fi so ga masu fitar da sinadarin soda mai ƙamshi inda ba za a iya amfani da ƙarfen austenitic ba. A gaban ƙazanta kamar chlorates ko sulfur mahadi - ko kuma lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙarfi mai girma - ana amfani da kayan da ke ɗauke da chromium kamar ƙarfe 600 L (EN 2.4817/UNS N06600) a wasu lokuta. Hakanan abin sha'awa ga yanayin ƙamshi shine babban ƙarfe mai ɗauke da chromium 33 (EN 1.4591/UNS R20033). Idan za a yi amfani da waɗannan kayan, dole ne a tabbatar da cewa yanayin aiki ba zai haifar da tsagewa da tsatsa ba.
Alloy 33 (EN 1.4591/UNS R20033) yana nuna kyakkyawan juriya ga tsatsa a cikin 25 da 50% NaOH har zuwa wurin tafasa da kuma a cikin 70% NaOH a 170 °C. Wannan gami kuma ya nuna kyakkyawan aiki a gwaje-gwajen filin a cikin shuka da aka fallasa ga soda mai kauri daga tsarin diaphragm.39 Hoto na 21 ya nuna wasu sakamako game da yawan wannan giyar caustic diaphragm, wadda aka gurbata da chlorides da chlorates. Har zuwa yawan NaOH 45%, ƙarfen kayan 33 (EN 1.4591/UNS R20033) da ƙarfen nickel 201 (EN 2.4068/UNS N2201) suna nuna juriya mai kama da wannan. Tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki da yawan haɗuwa 33 ya fi nickel ƙarfi. Don haka, sakamakon babban sinadarin chromium 33 yana da alama yana da amfani wajen magance matsalolin caustic tare da chlorides da hypochlorite daga tsarin diaphragm ko mercury cell.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-21-2022