Labaran Masana'antu
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Menene HDPE ake amfani da shi?
Ana amfani da HDPE a cikin kayayyaki da marufi kamar kwalaben madara, kwalaben sabulu, kwalayen margarine, kwalayen shara da bututun ruwa. A cikin bututu masu tsayi daban-daban, ana amfani da HDPE a matsayin madadin bututun turmi na kwali da aka bayar saboda manyan dalilai guda biyu. Na farko, ya fi aminci fiye da bututun kwali da aka bayar domin idan harsashi ya lalace ya fashe a cikin bututun HDPE, bututun ba zai fashe ba. Dalili na biyu shine ana iya sake amfani da su, wanda hakan ke ba masu ƙira damar ƙirƙirar ramukan turmi da yawa. Masana fasahar Pyrotechnics ba sa son amfani da bututun PVC a cikin bututun turmi saboda yana iya fashewa, yana aika ɓarayin filastik ga masu kallo, kuma ba zai bayyana a cikin X-ray ba. -
Katin kore na PLA ya zama sanannen mafita mai dorewa ga masana'antar kuɗi.
Ana buƙatar robobi da yawa don yin katunan banki kowace shekara, kuma yayin da damuwar muhalli ke ƙaruwa, Thales, jagora a fannin tsaro mai zurfi, ya ƙirƙiro mafita. Misali, katin da aka yi da kashi 85% na polylactic acid (PLA), wanda aka samo daga masara; wata sabuwar hanya ita ce amfani da nama daga ayyukan tsaftace bakin teku ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa da ƙungiyar muhalli ta Parley for the Oceans. An tattara sharar filastik - "Ocean Plastic®" a matsayin kayan aiki mai ƙirƙira don samar da katunan; akwai kuma zaɓi don katunan PVC da aka sake yin amfani da su gaba ɗaya daga filastik sharar gida daga masana'antar marufi da bugawa don rage amfani da sabbin filastik. -
Takaitaccen bincike kan bayanai game da shigo da kuma fitar da resin pvc na China daga watan Janairu zuwa Yuni.
Daga watan Janairu zuwa Yunin 2022, ƙasata ta shigo da jimillar tan 37,600 na resin manna, raguwar kashi 23% idan aka kwatanta da wannan lokacin a bara, kuma ta fitar da jimillar tan 46,800 na resin manna, ƙaruwar kashi 53.16% idan aka kwatanta da wannan lokacin a bara. A rabin farko na shekarar, ban da kamfanoni daban-daban da suka rufe don gyara, nauyin aikin masana'antar resin manna ta cikin gida ya kasance a babban mataki, wadatar kayayyaki ya isa, kuma kasuwa ta ci gaba da raguwa. Masana'antun sun nemi umarni na fitarwa don rage rikice-rikicen kasuwar cikin gida, kuma yawan fitar da kayayyaki ya karu sosai. -
Ta yaya za a iya gane ko filastik polypropylene ne?
Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyi mafi sauƙi don yin gwajin harshen wuta shine ta hanyar yanke samfurin daga filastik ɗin a kunna shi a cikin kabad ɗin hayaki. Launin harshen wuta, ƙamshi da halayen ƙonewa na iya ba da alamar nau'in filastik: 1. Polyethylene (PE) - Digon ruwa, ƙamshi kamar kakin zuma; 2. Polypropylene (PP) - Digon ruwa, galibi yana ƙamshi na man injin da ƙamshi na kakin zuma; 3. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA, "Perspex") - Kumfa, fashewa, ƙamshi mai daɗi; 4. Polyamide ko "Nylon" (PA) - Harshen harshen wuta mai kumfa, ƙamshin marigolds; 5. Acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene (ABS) - Ba a iya gani ba, harshen wuta mai kumfa, ƙamshin marigolds; 6. Kumfa Polyethylene (PE) - Digon ruwa, ƙamshin kakin zuma -
Kamfanin Mars M Beans ya ƙaddamar da marufin takarda mai ɗauke da sinadarin PLA mai lalacewa a China.
A shekarar 2022, Mars ta ƙaddamar da cakulan M&M na farko da aka naɗe a cikin takarda mai laushi a China. An yi shi ne da kayan da za a iya lalatawa kamar takarda da PLA, wanda ya maye gurbin marufin filastik mai laushi na gargajiya a baya. Marufin ya wuce GB/T Hanyar tantancewa ta 1927.1 ta tabbatar da cewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin takin masana'antu, zai iya lalata fiye da kashi 90% cikin watanni 6, kuma zai zama ruwa, carbon dioxide da sauran kayayyaki marasa guba ga halittu bayan lalacewa. -
Fitar da PVC daga China ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai yawa a rabin farko na shekarar.
A bisa kididdigar kwastam ta baya-bayan nan, a watan Yunin 2022, yawan shigo da foda mai tsarki na PVC daga ƙasata ya kai tan 29,900, wanda ya karu da kashi 35.47% idan aka kwatanta da watan da ya gabata da kuma karuwar kashi 23.21% a shekara-shekara; a watan Yunin 2022, yawan fitar da foda mai tsarki na PVC daga ƙasata ya kai tan 223,500, raguwar wata-wata ya kai kashi 16%, kuma karuwar shekara-shekara ta kai kashi 72.50%. Yawan fitar da kayayyaki ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai girma, wanda ya rage yawan wadata a kasuwar cikin gida zuwa wani mataki. -
Menene Polypropylene (PP)?
Polypropylene (PP) wani abu ne mai tauri, mai tauri, kuma mai kama da crystalline thermoplastic. An yi shi ne daga propene (ko propylene) monomer. Wannan linear hydrocarbon resin shine mafi sauƙi polymer a cikin dukkan robobi na kayayyaki. PP yana zuwa ko dai a matsayin homopolymer ko kuma a matsayin copolymer kuma ana iya ƙara shi sosai tare da ƙari. Yana samun aikace-aikace a cikin marufi, mota, kayan masarufi, likitanci, fina-finan siminti, da sauransu. PP ya zama kayan zaɓi, musamman lokacin da kake neman polymer mai ƙarfi (misali, idan aka kwatanta da Polyamide) a aikace-aikacen injiniya ko kuma kawai neman fa'idar farashi a cikin kwalaben gyaran busa (idan aka kwatanta da PET). -
Menene Polyethylene (PE)?
Polyethylene (PE), wanda aka fi sani da polythene ko polyethene, yana ɗaya daga cikin robobi da aka fi amfani da su a duniya. Polyethylenes yawanci suna da tsari mai layi kuma an san su a matsayin ƙarin polymers. Babban amfani da waɗannan polymers na roba shine a cikin marufi. Sau da yawa ana amfani da polyethelyne don yin jakunkunan filastik, kwalabe, fina-finan filastik, kwantena, da geomembranes. Za a iya lura cewa ana samar da sama da tan miliyan 100 na polyethene kowace shekara don dalilai na kasuwanci da masana'antu. -
Binciken yadda kasuwar fitar da kayayyaki ta PVC ta ƙasata ke aiki a rabin farko na shekarar 2022.
A rabin farko na shekarar 2022, kasuwar fitar da kayayyaki ta PVC ta karu kowace shekara. A cikin kwata na farko, wanda koma bayan tattalin arziki na duniya da annobar ta shafa, kamfanonin fitar da kayayyaki ta cikin gida da yawa sun nuna cewa bukatar na'urorin fitar da kayayyaki ta waje ta ragu kadan. Duk da haka, tun daga farkon watan Mayu, tare da inganta yanayin annobar da kuma wasu matakai da gwamnatin kasar Sin ta gabatar don karfafa farfado da tattalin arziki, yawan ayyukan kamfanonin samar da kayayyaki ta PVC a cikin gida ya yi yawa, kasuwar fitar da kayayyaki ta PVC ta yi zafi, kuma bukatar na'urorin fitar da kayayyaki ta waje ta karu. Adadin ya nuna wani yanayi na ci gaba, kuma aikin kasuwa ya inganta idan aka kwatanta da lokacin da ya gabata. -
Menene amfani da PVC?
Ana amfani da polyvinyl chloride (PVC, ko vinyl) mai araha da sauƙin amfani a fannoni daban-daban a cikin gine-gine da gini, kiwon lafiya, kayan lantarki, motoci da sauran fannoni, a cikin kayayyaki tun daga bututu da siding, jakunkunan jini da bututu, zuwa rufin waya da kebul, abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin gilashin gaba da ƙari. -
Ana gab da mika aikin fadada ethylene da tacewa na Hainan Refinery mai tan miliyan daya.
Aikin Tace da Sinadaran Ethylene na Hainan da kuma Aikin Sake Ginawa da Fadadawa suna cikin Yankin Ci Gaban Tattalin Arziki na Yangpu, tare da jimlar jarin da ya kai yuan biliyan 28. Zuwa yanzu, jimlar ci gaban ginin ya kai kashi 98%. Bayan kammala aikin kuma aka fara samar da shi, ana sa ran zai samar da sama da yuan biliyan 100 na masana'antu masu tasowa. Za a gudanar da taron tattaunawa kan rarraba albarkatun gona na Olefin da manyan hanyoyin sauka a kasa a Sanya a ranakun 27-28 ga Yuli. A karkashin sabon yanayin, za a tattauna ci gaban manyan ayyuka kamar PDH, da fashewar ethane, makomar sabbin fasahohi kamar man fetur kai tsaye zuwa olefins, da kuma sabbin hanyoyin samar da kwal/methanol zuwa olefins. -
MIT: Polylactic-glycolic acid copolymer microparticles suna yin allurar rigakafi mai "ƙarfafa kai".
Masana kimiyya a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) sun ba da rahoto a cikin mujallar Science Advances kwanan nan cewa suna haɓaka allurar rigakafi mai ƙarfafa kai sau ɗaya. Bayan an yi allurar rigakafin a jikin ɗan adam, ana iya sake ta sau da yawa ba tare da buƙatar allurar rigakafi ba. Ana sa ran za a yi amfani da sabuwar allurar rigakafin don magance cututtuka tun daga kyanda zuwa Covid-19. An ruwaito cewa wannan sabuwar allurar rigakafin an yi ta ne da ƙwayoyin poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). PLGA wani abu ne mai lalata ƙwayoyin halitta, wanda ba shi da guba kuma yana da kyakkyawan jituwa da halittu. An amince da shi don amfani da shi a cikin dashen, dinki, kayan gyara, da sauransu.